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<i>Megaphragma</i> species are important models for basic organismal research, and many are potential biological control agents. We present the first extensive revision of species of the genus <i>Megaphragma</i> based on morphological and molecular data. Our revision includes all previously described species, 6 of which are synonymized, and 22 of which are described here as new. We also provide the first key to all species of the genus and reconstruct their phylogeny based on 28S and CO1 molecular markers. The following species are synonymized with <i>M. longiciliatum</i> Subba Rao: <i>M. aligarhensis</i> Yousuf and Shafee <b>syn. nov.</b>; <i>M. amalphitanum</i> Viggiani <b>syn. nov.</b>; <i>M. decochaetum</i> Lin <b>syn. nov.</b>; <i>M. magniclava</i> Yousuf and Shafee <b>syn. nov.</b>; <i>M. shimalianum</i> Hayat <b>syn. nov.</b><i>M. anomalifuniculi</i> Yuan and Lou <b>syn. nov.</b> is synonymized with <i>M. polychaetum</i> Lin. The following species are described as new: <i>M. antecessor</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. breviclavum</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. chienleei</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. cockerilli</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. digitatum</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. fanenitrakely</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. funiculatum</i> Fusu, Polaszek, and Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. giraulti</i> Viggiani, Fusu, and Polaszek <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. hansoni</i> Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. kinuthiae</i> Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. liui</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. momookherjeeae</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. nowickii</i> Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. noyesi</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. pintoi</i> Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. polilovi</i> Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. rivelloi</i> Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. tamoi</i> Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. tridens</i> Fusu, and Polaszek <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. uniclavum</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. vanlentereni</i> Polaszek and Fusu <b>sp. nov.</b>; <i>M. viggianii</i> Fusu, Polaszek, and Polilov <b>sp. nov</b>.