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Effect of Ohmic Heating on the Extraction Yield, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Olive Mill Leaves
oleh: Fereshteh Safarzadeh Markhali, José A. Teixeira, Cristina M. R. Rocha
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-06-01 |
Deskripsi
This study examined the influence of ohmic heating (<i>OH</i>), compared to the conventional heating (<i>Conven</i>) and <i>Control</i> (solvent) methods, on the extraction of olive mill leaves. The main extraction parameters were: (i) solvent ratio (aqueous ethanol; 40%, 60%, and 80%, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>), and (ii) extraction temperature; 45 °C, 55 °C, and 75 °C (for <i>OH</i> and <i>Conven</i>), and room temperature (for <i>Control</i>). The selected response variables were extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH). The ohmic system, compared to <i>Conven</i> and <i>Control</i>, exhibited the greatest effects (<i>p</i> < 0.001) on increasing (i) extraction yield (34.53%) at 75 °C with 80% ethanol, (ii) TPC at 55 °C (42.53, 34.35, 31.63 mg GAE/g extract, with 60%, 40%, and 80% ethanol, respectively), and (iii) antioxidant potency at 75 °C detected by DPPH and ABTS, in the range of 1.21–1.04 mM TE/g, and 0.62–0.48 mM TE/g extract, respectively. Further, there were relatively similar trends in TPC and antioxidant activity (both methods), regardless of solvent ratios, <i>p</i> < 0.001. These findings demonstrate the potential of ohmic heating, as a green processing tool, for efficient extraction (15 min) of olive leaves. To date, no literature has described ohmic application for olive leave extraction.