Lack of LTβR Increases Susceptibility of IPEC-J2 Cells to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

oleh: Tawfeek Altawaty, Lulu Liu, Hongyong Zhang, Cong Tao, Shaohua Hou, Kui Li, Yanfang Wang

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2018-11-01

Deskripsi

The essential requirement of the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT&#946;R) in the development and maintenance of peripheral lymphoid organs is well recognized. Evidence shows that LT&#946;R is involved in various cellular processes; however, whether it plays a role in maintaining the cellular function of intestinal porcine enterocytes (IPEC-J2), specifically during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, remains unknown. In this study, we generated LT&#946;R null IPEC-J2 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 to examine the importance of LT&#946;R in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the response to PEDV infection. Our results showed that the lack of LT&#946;R leads to significantly decreased cell proliferation, potentially due to S phase arrest in LT&#946;R<sup>&#8722;/&#8722;</sup> IPEC-J2 cells. Label-free digital holographic microscopy was used to record the three-dimensional morphology of both cell types for up to 72 hours and revealed significantly increased numbers of LT&#946;R<sup>&#8722;/&#8722;</sup> cells undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that PEDV-infected LT&#946;R<sup>&#8722;/&#8722;</sup> null IPEC-J2 cells exhibited significant suppression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF&#954;B) target genes (interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8) and mucosal barrier integrity-related genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and IL-22), which may explain why LT&#946;R<sup>&#8722;/&#8722;</sup> cells are more susceptible to PEDV infection. Collectively, our data not only demonstrate the key role of LT&#946;R in intestinal porcine enterocytes, but also provide data for the improved understanding of the cellular response to PEDV infection.