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Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i>, <i>Eucheuma denticulatum</i>, <i>Halymenia durvillaei</i> (Rhodophyta), <i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i>, <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> (Chlorophyta), <i>Dictyota dichotoma</i> and <i>Sargassum polycystum</i> (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (<i>K. alvarezii</i>), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-carotene (<i>E. denticulatum</i>), eucalyptol, oleic acid, dodecanal, pentadecane (<i>H. durvillaei</i>), canthaxanthin, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane (<i>C. lentillifera</i>), pseudoephedrine, palmitic acid, monocaprin (<i>C. racemosa</i>), dictyohydroperoxide, squalene, fucosterol, saringosterol (<i>D. dichotoma</i>), and lutein, neophytadiene, cholest-4-en-3-one and <i>cis</i>-vaccenic acid (<i>S. polycystum</i>). Extensive studies on the seaweed isolates are highly recommended to understand their bioactivity and mechanisms of action, while highlighting their commercialization potential.