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Marine battlefield environment is the important condition that restricts the effectiveness of maritime weapons and the conduct of military operations. Accurate assessment of environmental impact is the "soft power" for improving maritime combat capability and battlefield construction. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the marine battlefield environment and its impact assessment. Then, the assessment methods and modeling techniques of battlefield environment are summarized into four categories: dynamic simulation-based assessment method, decision science-based assessment method, data science-based assessment method and uncertain artificial intelligence-based assessment methods, and the above methods are described in detail. Finally, the different methods are compared and the application prospect is analyzed.