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The construction of heterojunction has been widely accepted as a prospective strategy for the exploration of non-precious metal-based catalysts that possess high-performance to achieve electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we design and prepare a metal-organic framework derived N, P-doped-carbon-encapsulated Ni₂P/FeP nanorod with heterojunction (Ni₂P/FeP@NPC) for accelerating the water splitting and working stably at industrially relevant high current densities. Electrochemical results confirmed that Ni₂P/FeP@NPC could both accelerate the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. It could substantially expedite the overall water splitting (1.94 V for 100 mA cm⁻²) which is close to the performance of RuO₂ and the Pt/C couple (1.92 V for 100 mA cm⁻²). In particular, the durability test exhibited that Ni₂P/FeP@NPC delivers 500 mA cm⁻² without decay after 200 h, demonstrating the great potential for large-scale applications. Furthermore, the density functional theory simulations demonstrated that the heterojunction interface could give rise to the redistribution of electrons, which could not only optimize the adsorption energy of H-containing intermediates to achieve the optimal Δ<i>G</i>_H* in a hydrogen evolution reaction, but also reduce the Δ<i>G </i>value in the rate-determining step of an oxygen evolution reaction, thus improving the HER/OER performance.