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New Imadazopyrazines with CDK9 Inhibitory Activity as Anticancer and Antiviral: Synthesis, In Silico, and In Vitro Evaluation Approaches
oleh: Aisha A. Alsfouk, Hanan M. Alshibl, Najla A. Altwaijry, Ashwag Alanazi, Omkulthom AlKamaly, Ahlam Sultan, Bshra A. Alsfouk
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-07-01 |
Deskripsi
This study describes the synthesis and biological activity of new imadazopyrazines as first-in-class CDK9 inhibitors. The inhibition of CDK9 is a well-established therapeutic target in cancer therapy. The new compounds were assessed using an in vitro kinase assay against CDK9. In this assay, compound <b>1d</b> exhibited the highest CDK9 inhibition with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.18 µM. The cytotoxicity effect of the novel compounds was evaluated in three cancer cell lines: HCT116, K652, and MCF7. The results of this assay showed a correlation between the antiproliferative effect of the inhibitors and their CDK9 inhibitory effect in the biochemical assay. This suggests CDK9 inhibition as a mechanistic pathway for their anticancer effect. Several compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxic effects with single-digit micromolar IC<sub>50</sub> values yielded through an MTT assay. The compounds with the most promising data were further assessed for their antiviral activity against human Coronavirus 229E. The results showed that compound <b>4a</b> showed the highest antiviral potency with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 63.28 µM and a selectivity index of 4.8. In silico target prediction data showed that <b>4a</b> displayed a good affinity to proteases. The result of the docking studies of <b>4a</b> with COVID-19 main protease revealed a high binding affinity, which confirmed the results obtained from in vitro study. The physiochemical and in silico pharmacokinetic parameters indicated reasonable drug-likeness properties of the new compounds, including solubility, lipophilicity, absorption, oral bioavailability, and metabolic stability. Further lead optimization of this novel scaffold could lead to a revolution of a new class of preclinical CDK9 agents.