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Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the primary factors driving climate change impacts on plants, pests, and natural enemies. The present study reports the effects of different atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on the vine mealybug <i>Planococcus ficus</i> (Signoret) and its parasitoid wasp <i>Leptomastix dactylopii</i> (Howard). We investigated the life-history parameters of both species on grapevine <i>Vitis vinifera</i> (L.) plants grown under elevated (eCO₂) and ambient (aCO₂) CO₂ levels in a greenhouse and in a vineyard free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. The greenhouse experiments with an eCO₂ level of around 800 ppm showed a significant increase in survival rates, a strong trend towards declining body size, and an increasing fecundity of female mealybugs, while fertility and development time did not change. However, none of these parameters were altered by different CO₂ concentrations in the VineyardFACE facility (eCO₂ level around 450 ppm). On the other hand, the parasitism success, development time and sex ratio of <i>L. dactylopii</i>, reared on <i>P. ficus</i> under eCO₂ or aCO₂, varied neither in the greenhouse nor in the FACE facility. These results suggest that future CO₂ levels might cause small-scale changes in vine mealybug fitness; however, this is not necessarily reflected by parasitoid performance.