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The fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral fat, and phospholipids in liver of rats fed low protein rice diets deficient in and supplemented with lysine and threonine has been studied to extend the knowledge of the chemical composition of portal fatty liver.More linoleic acid and less 20:4, 20:5, and 22:6 in percentage of fatty acids was found in total liver lipids in lysine- and threonine-deficient rats. An increase in the percentage of linoleic acid in neutral fat, and a decrease of 20:5, 22:5, and 22:6 in phospholipids, was observed in the livers of the rats fed the deficient diets, suggesting a control of lysine and threonine on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism.The absolute amounts of linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids in fatty livers were increased; slight changes were seen in amounts of palmitoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids; eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were slightly decreased.These data seem to indicate some alterations in the metabolism of fatty acids, besides those described by other authors, that accompany fat accumulation in the liver.