Find in Library

In this study, we used the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS) 2015 data to examine the consumption patterns of grain-based foods (GBFs) for Canadian adults. We used a <i>k</i>-mean cluster analysis based on the contribution of 21 grain-based foods to total energy intake of adults in Canada to find the dietary patterns of GBFs. Cluster analyses rendered seven dietary patterns including: &#8216;other bread&#8217;, &#8216;cake and cookies&#8217;, &#8216;pasta&#8217;, &#8216;rice&#8217;, &#8216;mixed&#8217;, &#8216;white bread&#8217;, and finally &#8216;whole wheat and whole-grain bread&#8217;. &#8216;No grain&#8217; and &#8216;rice&#8217; consumers had lower intakes of dietary fibre, folate, iron and calcium, which are the nutrients of public health concern in Canada. Adults consuming a &#8216;mixed grain&#8217; dietary pattern had a greater daily intake of calcium, potassium, magnesium, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 than those in the &#8216;no grain&#8217; dietary pattern. We also observed that a considerable proportion of individuals clustered in the &#8216;rice&#8217; group are immigrants and belong to households with lower income levels.