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Performance assessment is a critical issue in organizations and academic researches. Libraries especially public libraries as the most important information sharing centers in society need a good model for performance appraisal. This appraisal is beneficiary for differentiating efficient centers from inefficient centers and suggesting good strategies for improving inefficient centers. In this research, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and goal programming (GP) combined for performance appraisal of public libraries in provinces and identifying efficient and inefficient centers. The results of implementing the model compound showed that of total 30 provinces in 2008, the public library of three provinces, i.e., South Khorasan, North Khorasan, and Mazandaran provinces, that are equivalent to 10 percent of the country, have been efficiency 100 percent.