The differential impact of pediatric COVID-19 between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of fatality and ICU admission in children worldwide.
oleh: Taito Kitano, Mao Kitano, Carsten Krueger, Hassan Jamal, Hatem Al Rawahi, Rachelle Lee-Krueger, Rose Doulin Sun, Sandra Isabel, Marta Taida García-Ascaso, Hiromi Hibino, Bettina Camara, Marc Isabel, Leanna Cho, Helen E Groves, Pierre-Philippe Piché-Renaud, Michael Kossov, Ikuho Kou, Ilsu Jon, Ana C Blanchard, Nao Matsuda, Quenby Mahood, Anupma Wadhwa, Ari Bitnun, Shaun K Morris
| Format: | Article |
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| Diterbitkan: | Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01 |
Deskripsi
<h4>Background</h4>The overall global impact of COVID-19 in children and regional variability in pediatric outcomes are presently unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>To evaluate the magnitude of global COVID-19 death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children aged 0-19 years, a systematic review was conducted for articles and national reports as of December 7, 2020. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020179696).<h4>Results</h4>We reviewed 16,027 articles as well as 225 national reports from 216 countries. Among the 3,788 global pediatric COVID-19 deaths, 3,394 (91.5%) deaths were reported from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), while 83.5% of pediatric population from all included countries were from LMIC. The pediatric deaths/1,000,000 children and case fatality rate (CFR) were significantly higher in LMIC than in high-income countries (HIC) (2.77 in LMIC vs 1.32 in HIC; p < 0.001 and 0.24% in LMIC vs 0.01% in HIC; p < 0.001, respectively). The ICU admission/1,000,000 children was 18.80 and 1.48 in HIC and LMIC, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest deaths/1,000,000 children and CFR were in infants < 1 year old (10.03 and 0.58% in the world, 5.39 and 0.07% in HIC and 10.98 and 1.30% in LMIC, respectively).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The study highlights that there may be a larger impact of pediatric COVID-19 fatality in LMICs compared to HICs.