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The Téfidet trough (eastern Niger) belongs to the Ténéré megasystem set of Cretaceous rifts N130°E to N170°E oriented, corresponding to the direction of the Lake Chad-Hoggar tectonic axis. The study of the relationship between the structure of the trough and alkaline fissural volcanism that developed there from the Oligocene to Plio-Quaternary shows the uniqueness of the Téfidet trough compared to the neighboring contemporary volcanic areas of Hoggar, Cameroon, and southern Aïr. The tectono-magmatic reactivation of the Cretaceous Téfidet trough developed in two steps: – a period contemporaneous with the Tuareg shield bulging (Aïr, Hoggar, Iforas); – a subsequent extension period generally N060°E, which has persisted since the opening of the South Atlantic (upper Jurassic to Plio-Quaternary). The fissural volcanism, due to the reactivation of Pan African and Cretaceous faults evolved concomitantly with the N060°E extension (syn-magmatic micro-fractures with basaltic filling), in several steps, from Oligocene to Plio-Quaternary. This study highlights the existence of periods of quietness and recovery of volcanic activity, for which two assumptions can be made: – no enough absolute datings, – apolyphased extension of the rift. The latter hypothesis seems to be supported by three periods of volcanic quietness, 28-24 m.y., 20-14 m.y. and 8-5 m.y., observed in the northern and the southern Aïr, Gréboun and Todgha, respectively.