Quantifying N<sub>2</sub>O reduction to N<sub>2</sub> based on N<sub>2</sub>O isotopocules – validation with independent methods (helium incubation and <sup>15</sup>N gas flux method)

oleh: D. Lewicka-Szczebak, J. Augustin, A. Giesemann, R. Well

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: Copernicus Publications 2017-02-01

Deskripsi

Stable isotopic analyses of soil-emitted N<sub>2</sub>O (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sup>bulk</sup>, <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sup>sp</sup> = <sup>15</sup>N site preference within the linear N<sub>2</sub>O molecule) may help to quantify N<sub>2</sub>O reduction to N<sub>2</sub>, an important but rarely quantified process in the soil nitrogen cycle. The N<sub>2</sub>O residual fraction (remaining unreduced N<sub>2</sub>O, <i>r</i><sub>N<sub>2</sub>O</sub>) can be theoretically calculated from the measured isotopic enrichment of the residual N<sub>2</sub>O. However, various N<sub>2</sub>O-producing pathways may also influence the N<sub>2</sub>O isotopic signatures, and hence complicate the application of this isotopic fractionation approach.<br><br> Here this approach was tested based on laboratory soil incubations with two different soil types, applying two reference methods for quantification of <i>r</i><sub>N<sub>2</sub>O</sub>: helium incubation with direct measurement of N<sub>2</sub> flux and the <sup>15</sup>N gas flux method. This allowed a comparison of the measured <i>r</i><sub>N<sub>2</sub>O</sub> values with the ones calculated based on isotopic enrichment of residual N<sub>2</sub>O. The results indicate that the performance of the N<sub>2</sub>O isotopic fractionation approach is related to the accompanying N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> source processes and the most critical is the determination of the initial isotopic signature of N<sub>2</sub>O before reduction (<i>δ</i><sub>0</sub>). We show that <i>δ</i><sub>0</sub> can be well determined experimentally if stable in time and then successfully applied for determination of <i>r</i><sub>N<sub>2</sub>O</sub> based on <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sup>sp</sup> values. Much more problematic to deal with are temporal changes of <i>δ</i><sub>0</sub> values leading to failure of the approach based on <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sup>sp</sup> values only. For this case, we propose here a dual N<sub>2</sub>O isotopocule mapping approach, where calculations are based on the relation between <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sup>sp</sup> values. This allows for the simultaneous estimation of the N<sub>2</sub>O-producing pathways' contribution and the <i>r</i><sub>N<sub>2</sub>O</sub> value.