Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3 (LPA3): Signaling and Phosphorylation Sites

oleh: K. Helivier Solís, M. Teresa Romero-Ávila, Ruth Rincón-Heredia, J. Adolfo García-Sáinz

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2024-06-01

Deskripsi

LPA<sub>3</sub> receptors were expressed in TREx HEK 293 cells, and their signaling and phosphorylation were studied. The agonist, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), increased intracellular calcium and ERK phosphorylation through pertussis toxin-insensitive processes. Phorbol myristate acetate, but not LPA, desensitizes LPA<sub>3</sub>-mediated calcium signaling, the agonists, and the phorbol ester-induced LPA<sub>3</sub> internalization. Pitstop 2 (clathrin heavy chain inhibitor) markedly reduced LPA-induced receptor internalization; in contrast, phorbol ester-induced internalization was only delayed. LPA induced rapid β-arrestin–LPA<sub>3</sub> receptor association. The agonist and the phorbol ester-induced marked LPA<sub>3</sub> receptor phosphorylation, and phosphorylation sites were detected using mass spectrometry. Phosphorylated residues were detected in the intracellular loop 3 (S221, T224, S225, and S229) and in the carboxyl terminus (S321, S325, S331, T333, S335, Y337, and S343). Interestingly, phosphorylation sites are within sequences predicted to constitute β-arrestin binding sites. These data provide insight into LPA<sub>3</sub> receptor signaling and regulation.