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In this study, the <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of essential oil from <i>Baccharis</i> <i>parvidentata</i> Malag. (EO-Bp) and <i>Lippia</i> <i>origanoides</i> Kunth (EO-Lo) were explored. The relevant effects were observed against the parasitic protozoans <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> and <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> (ranging 0.6 to 39.7 µg/mL) and malignant MCF-7, MCF-7/HT, 22Rv1, and A431 cell lines (ranging 6.1 to 31.5 µg/mL). In parallel, EO-Bp showed better selective indexes in comparison with EO-Lo against peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice and MRC-5 cell line. In conclusion, EO-Lo is known to show a wide range of health benefits that could be added as another potential use of this oil with the current study. In the case of EO-Bp, the wide spectrum of its activities against protozoal parasites and malignant cells, as well as its selectivity in comparison with non-malignant cells, could suggest an interesting candidate for further tests as a new therapeutic alternative.