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In order to realize the detection of buried pipes without excavation and provide a theoretical basis for the weak magnetic inspection, the spatial magnetic signal distribution of corroded pipelines under the influences of internal pressure and geomagnetic field was studied using ANSYS finite element software. The effects of varing uplifting heights on the magnetic signal of pipeline defects and the distribution of magnetic signal under different defect depths were analyzed. Furthermore, the pipeline was detected on site by a self - made pipeline weak - magnetic detection instrument, and the detected magnetic signal was compared with the simulated result to verify the consistency. Based on the magnetic signal characteristics regarding corrosion position judgment obtained by simulation analysis, the detected magnetic signal data was analyzed, and the defect location was verified by excavation. Results showed that the recognition of corrosion defects and non-contact detection of buried magnetic pipelines could be realized by using this waveform feature.