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<b>Purpose: </b> To assess the visual outcomes at one-year follow-up after pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and associated risk factors. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> A retrospective study, using data from medical records of 5000 Type 2 diabetic patients who underwent a retinal examination between 1995 and 1999 at a diabetic centre. Ocular, clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and at one-year follow-up after PRP. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was documented by colour photography and PRP was performed according to the ETDRS criteria. <b> Results</b> : PRP was done in 413 eyes, of which 261 eyes of 160 subjects were eligible for the study.<b> </b> One hundred and forty eyes (73&#x0025;)<b> </b> of 191 eyes with good visual acuity (6/9) at baseline maintained the same vision at one-year follow-up.<b> </b> Of the 53 eyes with visual acuity of 6/12-6/36 at<b> </b> baseline,<b> </b> 58.5&#x0025; (31 eyes) maintained same vision and 18.9&#x0025; (10 eyes) improved their vision at one-year follow-up. Of the 17 eyes with visual acuity &#x00A3;6/60 at baseline, 12 maintained the same vision and the remaining 5 improved their vision. The causes of visual loss included vitreous haemorrhage in 20 subjects (31.7&#x0025;), progression of cataract in 19 (30&#x0025;), chronic macular oedema in 15 (23.8&#x0025;), pre-retinal haemorrhage in the macula in 6 (9.5&#x0025;) and pre-retinal fibrosis in the macula in 3 (4.7&#x0025;) subjects. On multiple logistic regression analysis, diastolic blood pressure (<i> P</i> =0.03), duration of diabetes (<i> P</i> =0.006), fasting blood glucose (<i> P</i> =0.02) and nephropathy (<i> P</i> =0.01) were associated with decreased vision after PRP. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (<i> P</i> <0.001), serum creatinine (<i> P</i> =0.03), HDL cholesterol (<i> P</i> =0.05), diabetic neuropathy (<i> P</i> <0.001), hypertension (<i> P</i> =0.01) and diabetic nephropathy (<i> P</i> <0.001) showed a significant association with PDR. <b>Conclusion: </b> Visual acuity at baseline, the duration of diabetes and proteinuria played a significant role in determining the post-PRP visual acuity.