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AIM: To observe the clinical effects of 23-G micro-incision vitrectomy combined with 1.8mm micro-incision phacoemulsification and immediate intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.<p>METHODS: A retrospective analysis were done in 48 patients with 54 eyes from September 2014 to March 2015 in our hospital who received micro-incision vitrectomy combined with micro-incision phacoemulsification and immediate IOL implantation. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), corneal astigmatism and corneal endothelial cells were recorded before and at 1d, 1 and 3mo after operations. All patients were followed up to observe the fundus, IOL position and postoperative low IOP, corneal edema, posterior capsular opacification, ocular hypertension and other complications.<p>RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. After 3mo, BCVA increased in 49 eyes(91%)compared to that preoperative. Visual acuity did not improve in 5 eye(9%), and no visual acuity decreased. The differences on IOP and corneal endothelial cells before and after operation were significant(<i>P</i><0.01). The percentage of lost corneal endothelial cells was 11.71±8.12% at 3mo. At early stage postoperatively corneal astigmatism increased(<i>P</i><0.05)and there was no difference between that pre-operative and 3mo post-operatively(<i>P</i>>0.05).There were 6 eyes with transient high IOP(IOP greater than 25mmhg in 1mo), 7 eyes with corneal edema at early stage, 2 eyes with formed exudation in anterior chamber, and there were 3 eyes with posterior capsular opacification, in which 2 eyes were performed with YAG laser for posterior capsulotomy and whose visual acuity improved significantly. There was no retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, endophthalmitis, neovascular glaucoma, hypotony, IOL misalignment or dislocation.<p>CONCLUSION: Micro-incision vitrectomy combined with micro-incision phacoemulsification and immediate IOL implantation is a safe and effective method with wide application, small damage, rapid recovery and less complication, and it is worth of promotion.