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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Pre-dialysis care by a nephrology out-patient department (OPD) may affect the outcomes of patients who ultimately undergo maintenance dialysis. This study examined the effect of pre-dialysis care by a nephrology OPD on the incidence of one-year major cardiovascular events after initiation of dialysis. DESIGN, SETTING PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS:The study consisted of Taiwanese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who commenced dialysis from 2006 to 2008. The number of nephrology OPD visits during the critical care period (within 6 months of initiation of dialysis) and the early care period (6-36 months before initiation of dialysis) were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was one-year major cardiovascular events. RESULTS:A total of 1191 CKD patients who initiated dialysis from 2006 to 2008 were included. Binary logistic regression showed that patients with ≧3 visits during the critical care period and those with ≧11 visits during the early care period had fewer composite major cardiovascular events than those with 0 visits. Patients with early referral are less likely to experience composite major cardiovascular events than those with late referral, with aOR 0.574 (95% CI = 0.43-0.77, P<0.001). Patients with both ≧3 visits during critical care period and ≧11 visits during early care period were less likely to experience composite major cardiovascular events (aOR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.16-0.39, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Patients with adequate pre-dialysis nephrology OPD visits, not just early referral, may had fewer one-year composite major cardiovascular events after initiation of dialysis. This information may be important to medical care providers and public health policy makers in their efforts to improve the well-being of CKD patients.