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Due to the importance of uranium and uranium alloys to national defence and nuclear industrial applications, it is necessary to understand dendrite formation in their solidification structures and to control their microstructures. In this study, a modified cellular automaton model was developed to predict 2-D and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth in U-Nb alloys. The model takes into account solute diffusion, preferential growth orientation, interface curvature, etc., and the solid fraction increment is calculated using the local level rule method. Using this model, 2-D large-scale and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth with various crystallographic orientations in the U-5.5Nb alloy were simulated, and the Nb micro-segregation behaviour during solidification was analysed. The simulated results showed reasonable agreement with the as-cast microstructure observed experimentally.