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Exploring Regio- and Stereoselectivity in [3+2] Cycloaddition: Molecular Electron Density Theory Approach for Novel Spirooxindole-Based Benzimidazole with Pyridine Spacer
oleh: Saeed Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid, Abdullah Saleh Alamary, Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez, Assem Barakat
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-07-01 |
Deskripsi
A new ethylene derivative was synthesized as a precursor for the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction to access a novel spirooxindole embodied with benzimidazole with a pyridine spacer. The chalcone derivatives <b>3a</b>–<b>j</b> is obtained with condensation of the acetyl derivative with aryl aldehydes. The one-pot multi-component reaction of the ethylene derivative, 5-Cl-isatin, and octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid enables the construction of a highly functionalized quaternary center spirooxindole scaffold in a high chemical yield. A study using the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) explains the complete regio- and stereoselectivity of the reaction, resulting in the exclusive formation of the ortho/endo-cycloadduct under kinetic control. The low activation Gibbs free energy is the result of the supernucleophilic character of the in situ-generated azomethine ylide and the strong electrophilic character of the ethylene derivatives.