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Four new wood-inhabiting fungi were found in Southwestern China within the genera <i>Phanerochaete</i>, <i>Phlebiopsis</i>, <i>Asterostroma</i>, and <i>Vararia</i> of the families Phanerochaetaceae and Peniophoraceae, belonging to the orders Polyporales and Russulales individually. Combined with their morphological characteristics and molecular biological evidence, the present study describes them as new fungal taxa. <i>Asterostroma yunnanense</i> is characterized by the resupinate, membranaceous to pellicular basidiomata with a cream to salmon-buff hymenial surface, hyphal system dimitic bearing simple-septa, thin- to thick-walled, yellowish brown asterosetae with acute tips, and thin-walled, echinulate, amyloid, globose basidiospores. <i>Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis</i> is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with a white to cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa generative hyphae, the presence of subclavate cystidia covered with a lot of crystals, and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (6–9 × 3–4.5 µm). <i>Phlebiopsis fissurata</i> is characterized by the membranaceous, tuberculate basidiomata with a buff to slightly brown hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa, conical cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid. <i>Vararia yingjiangensis</i> is characterized by a corky basidiomata with a pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff hymenial surface, cracking, yellowish dichohyphae with slightly curved tips, subulate gloeocystidia, and thick-walled, ellipsoid basidiospores (6.5–11.5 × 5–7 µm). The phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU revealed that the two new species were nested into the genera <i>Phanerochaete</i> and <i>Phlebiopsis</i> within the family Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales), in which <i>Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis</i> was sister to <i>P. daliensis</i>; <i>Phlebiopsis fissurata</i> was grouped with <i>P. lamprocystidiata</i>. Two new species were clustered into the genera <i>Asterostroma</i> and <i>Vararia</i> within the family Peniophoraceae (Russulales), in which <i>Asterostroma yunnanense</i> was sister to <i>A. cervicolor</i>; <i>Vararia yingjiangensis</i> formed a single branch.