Find in Library
Search millions of books, articles, and more
Indexed Open Access Databases
Selected Lark Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Evolution of Second Control Region with Tandem Repeats in Alaudidae (Aves, Passeriformes)
oleh: Chuan Jiang, Hui Kang, Yang Zhou, Wenwen Zhu, Xilong Zhao, Nassoro Mohamed, Bo Li
Format: | Article |
---|---|
Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-07-01 |
Deskripsi
The control region (<i>CR</i>) regulates the replication and transcription of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome). Some avian mitogenomes possess two <i>CRs</i>, and the second control region (<i>CR2</i>) may enhance replication and transcription; however, the <i>CR2</i> in lark mitogenome appears to be undergoing loss and is accompanied by tandem repeats. Here, we characterized six lark mitogenomes from <i>Alaudala cheleensis</i>, <i>Eremophila alpestris</i>, <i>Alauda razae</i>, and <i>Calandrella cinerea</i> and reconstructed the phylogeny of Passerida. Through further comparative analysis among larks, we traced the evolutionary process of <i>CR2</i>. The mitochondrial gene orders were conserved in all published lark mitogenomes, with <i>Cytb-trnT-CR1-trnP-ND6-trnE-remnant CR2</i> with tandem repeat-<i>trnF-rrnS</i>. Phylogenetic analysis revealed Alaudidae and Panuridae are sister groups at the base of Sylvioidea, and sporadic losses of <i>CR2</i> may occur in their common ancestor. <i>CR</i> sequence and phylogeny analysis indicated <i>CR2</i> tandem repeats were generated within <i>CR2</i>, originating in the ancestor of all larks, rather than inherited from <i>CR1</i>. The secondary structure comparison of tandem repeat units within and between species suggested slipped-strand mispairing and DNA turnover as suitable models for explaining the origin and evolution of these repeats. This study reveals the evolutionary process of the <i>CR2</i> containing tandem repeat in Alaudidae, providing reference for understanding the evolutionary characteristics and dynamics of tandem repeats.