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The extrusion process of typical AZ31 magnesium alloy tube was simulated by using the constitutive model of AZ31 alloys and ALE-based HyperXtrude software. The changes of stress distribution and velocity distribution were analyzed under different conditions, through the adjustment of three structural parameters, including the height, big round corner and gradient of weld chamber. The results show that the pressure near the work zone in the weld chamber decrease with the increase of the height of weld chamber, the maximum value and average value of the pressure in the weld chamber are decreasing with the increase of big round corner of weld chamber, and the pressure in the port holes and weld chamber increases with the increase of the gradient of weld chamber. The minimum variance of metal flow rate is achieved in the height of weld chamber with 16mm, big round corner with 18mm and gradient of weld chamber with 15°. The optimized structure alleviates the issues of stress concentration and non-homogeneous flowing velocity. The final die is proved to be capable of producing the qualified products and the microstructure after extrusion is uniform and fine.