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<i>Panax notoginseng</i> (Burk.) F. H. is a genuine medicinal material in Yunnan Province. As accessories, <i>P. notoginseng</i> leaves mainly contain protopanaxadiol saponins. The preliminary findings have indicated that <i>P. notoginseng</i> leaves contribute to its significant pharmacological effects and have been administrated to tranquilize and treat cancer and nerve injury. Saponins from <i>P. notoginseng</i> leaves were isolated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and the structures of <b>1</b>–<b>22</b> were elucidated mainly through comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data. Moreover, the SH-SY5Y cells protection bioactivities of all isolated compounds were tested by establishing L-glutamate models for nerve cell injury. As a result, twenty-two saponins, including eight dammarane saponins, namely notoginsenosides SL₁-SL₈ (<b>1</b>–<b>8</b>), were identified as new compounds, together with fourteen known compounds, namely notoginsenoside NL-A₃ (<b>9</b>), ginsenoside Rc (<b>10</b>), gypenoside IX (<b>11</b>), gypenoside XVII (<b>12</b>), notoginsenoside Fc (<b>13</b>), quinquenoside L₃ (<b>14</b>), notoginsenoside NL-B₁ (<b>15</b>), notoginsenoside NL-C₂ (<b>16</b>), notoginsenoside NL-H₂ (<b>17</b>), notoginsenoside NL-H₁ (<b>18</b>), vina-ginsenoside R₁₃ (<b>19</b>), ginsenoside II (<b>20</b>), majoroside F₄ (<b>21</b>), and notoginsenoside LK₄ (<b>22</b>). Among them, notoginsenoside SL₁ (<b>1</b>), notoginsenoside SL₃ (<b>3</b>), notoginsenoside NL-A₃ (<b>9</b>), and ginsenoside Rc (<b>10</b>) showed slight protective effects against L-glutamate-induced nerve cell injury (30 µM).