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In the title complex, [Cu(C8H3NO6)(H2O)2]n, the two carboxylate groups of the 4-nitrophthalate dianion ligands have monodentate and 1,3-bridging bonding modes, respectively. The Cu atom shows an approximate square-pyramidal coordination as it is bonded to O atoms from the carboxylate groups of three 4-nitrophthalate ligands and two O atoms of the non-equivalent coordinated water molecules. Other Cu atoms in the coordination polymer are connected into a two-dimensional layer in the ab plane. The layers are aggregated to a three-dimensional structure through interlayer hydrogen bonding involving an O atom of a nitro group. The whole three-dimensional structure is further maintained and stabilized by intralayer hydrogen bonds between the O atoms of the carboxylate groups and the coordinated water molecules.