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In this paper, the author researches on the application of phase change energy storage materials in battery thermal management system based on element analysis. With low weight, good compactness and excellent temperature control, passive battery thermal management (BTM) using phase change materials (PCM) of electric vehicles shows great business prospect. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of BTM employing air and liquid cooling system, this paper introduces the working principle parameters of battery pack and PCM for BTM design, as well as the research progress and development in this area. It also points out that the application of PCM-based BTM to high performance battery, such as lithium ion power battery, will become the mainstream trend in the future which deserves more attention.