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Sorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Acid-Modified Clinoptilolite-Rich Tuffs with Different Si/Al Ratios
oleh: Mohamed Abatal, Atl V. Córdova Quiroz, María T. Olguín, América R. Vázquez-Olmos, Joel Vargas, Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi, German Giácoman-Vallejos
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2019-06-01 |
Deskripsi
The removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by acid-modified clinoptilolite-rich tuff was investigated in this work. Clinoptilolite-rich tuff samples were treated using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at different concentrations. Prior to and following acid treatment, the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pH of the point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC</sub>) was also determined as part of this characterization. Batch studies were studied to investigate Pb(II) removal as a function of contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and solution pH. The results of the XRD and SEM techniques showed that clinoptilolite is the main mineral of the non- and acid-treated natural zeolite samples. However, EDS analysis indicated that the Si/Al ratio increases as the exchangeable ions decrease with increasing acid concentrations. The optimum conditions for Pb(II) removal for samples with 4.37 ≤ Si/Al ≤ 7.9 were found to be as follows: Contact time of 60−360 min, pH: 6−8, and adsorbent dose of 6 mg g<sup>−1</sup>; whereas for acid-modified clinoptilolite-rich tuffs with 9.01 ≤ Si/Al ≤ 9.52, these conditions were as follows: Contact time of 1440 min, pH: 8−10, and adsorbent dose of 10 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. The experimental data were analyzed by kinetic and isotherms models. The results showed that the sorption of Pb(II) on samples with Si/Al ratios of 4.37, 5.31, and 7.91 were in agreement with the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm with <i>q<sub>m</sub></i> = 48.54, 37.04, and 14.99 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, while the kinetic data and isotherm for samples with 9.01 ≤ Si/Al ≤ 9.52 were found to fit the pseudo-first order and Freundlich model.