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The plants of <i>Prunus</i> mostly bloom in early spring, and the flowers of various species possess their individual floral scent characteristics; <i>Prunus mume</i>, especially, can volatilize a large amount of benzenoid compounds into the air during the flowering phase. In order to elucidate the molecular basis of the differences in the volatile capacity of aromatic substances among <i>Prunus</i> flowers, the endogenous and the headspace volatile components and the expression of <i>ABCG</i> genes were studied among <i>P. mume</i>, <i>P. armeniaca</i>, and <i>P. persica</i>. We detected the floral components in the three species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and we found that benzaldehyde was the key component. Meanwhile, the volatilization efficiency of benzaldehyde in <i>P. mume</i> and <i>P. armeniaca</i> were much higher than that in <i>P. persica</i>. Furthermore, 130, 135, and 133 ABC family members from <i>P. mume</i>, <i>P. armeniaca</i>, and <i>P. persica</i> were identified, respectively. WGCNA analysis demonstrated that candidate <i>ABCG</i> genes were positively correlated with benzaldehyde volatilization efficiency. Moreover, quantitative Real-time PCR indicated that <i>ABCG17</i> was more likely to be involved in the transmembrane transport of benzaldehyde. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the transmembrane transport of benzaldehyde and to further the valuable information for fragrant flower breeding in <i>Prunus</i>.