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Aiming at the corrosion problem of alloy steels in long - term service in environments containing NaCl, 42CrMo and Cr12MoV alloy steels were selected as research materials, and their electrochemical corrosion behaviors in environments with different NaCl concentrations was studied through potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results showed that the corrosion rates of these two kinds of alloy steels increased with the rising of NaCl concentration. Through the comparative analysis of the electrochemical test results of 42CrMo and Cr12MoV alloy steels, it could be obtained that in NaCl solutions with the same concentration, the corrosion resistance of Cr12MoV was better than that of 42CrMo. The results of this study could provide reference for the application of alloy steels.