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Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) was first isolated from bovine hypothalamus, and was found to actas an endogenous ligand at the G-protein-coupled receptor 10 (GPR10 or hGR3). Although originallynamed as it can affect the secretion of prolactin from anterior pituitary cells, the potential functionsfor this peptide have been greatly expanded over the past decade. Anatomical, pharmacological andphysiological studies indicate that PrRP, signalling via the GPR10 receptor, may have a wide range ofroles in neuroendocrinology; such as in energy homeostasis, stress responses, cardiovascularregulation and circadian function. This review will provide the current knowledge of the PrRP andGPR10 signalling system, its putative functions, implications for therapy and future perspectives.