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This paper elaborated a case of an elderly patient with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 （CASPR2） antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. It illustrated the common manifestations and diagnostic process of anti-CASPR2 antibody-associated encephalitis， and the analysis of clinical symptoms and ancillary findings had contributed to gaining insight into the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis in elderly patients characterized by distinct psycho-behavioral abnormalities and cognitive decline， as well as suggesting the possibility that autoimmune encephalitis in elderly may exacerbate the development of cerebrovascular disease.