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By theoretical calculations and empirical analysis, we analyzed the influence of reform to replace business tax (BT) with value-added tax (VAT) on transport industry. We selected 67 listed companies from railway transport, road transport, pipeline transport, maritime transport, air transport and other transport companies. This paper made an empirical study on these companies’ financial data in the third quarter of 2014. The results show the reform to replace BT with VAT can reduce the corporate tax burden and improve performance.