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Review is devoted to the prevalence of smoking among children and adolescents, given the steady increase in illness, a risk factor which is smoking. Detection disease at a stage before the disease, clinical manifestations, requires the implementation of demonstration and preferably noninvasive studies of children. Shown that early intervention in the prevalence of tobacco use would decrease the disease from respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and hence improve the quality of life of future generations. Key words: smoking, passive smoking, research methods smokers, teenagers. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (5): 5–9.)