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Some clinical manifestations of obesity include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Calorie restriction may aid in weight loss in the short term. Exercise and physical activity are other means of weight loss. However, the efficacy of exercise and physical activity in weight reduction in obese populations is still unknown. In this review, we discuss the effects of exercise and physical activity in obese and overweight populations. We also discuss the effects of aerobic exercise and/or resistance training in weight loss and maintenance.