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The taxonomy of <i>Argophyllum</i> (Argophyllaceae) in New Caledonia is reviewed here. All names validly published in <i>Argophyllum</i> in this archipelago are discussed and lectotypified when necessary. A new species is described, <i>Argophyllum riparium</i> (The LSID for the name <i>Argophyllum riparium</i> is: 77216335-1) Pillon and Hequet sp. nov. <i>Argophyllum grunowii</i> and <i>A. ellipticum</i> are both species complexes in which several species previously recognized are included here as well. Seven species are recognized in New Caledonia: <i>A. brevipetalum</i>, <i>A. ellipticum</i>, <i>A. grunowii</i>, <i>A. montanum</i>, <i>A. nitidum</i>, <i>A. riparium</i> and <i>A. vernicosum</i>, all endemic. Leaf nickel content of <i>A. riparium</i> can exceed 1000 μg·g⁻¹, which makes this species a nickel hyperaccumulator. Measurements with a handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer confirmed that this was also the case for all other species from New Caledonia, except <i>A. nitidum</i>. An identification key of New Caledonian species is provided.