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Species of <i>Talaromyces</i> are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, and some are of industrial and medicinal importance. Species of <i>Talaromyces</i> have been successively reported in China. During our examinations of samples collected from southwestern China, two new species belonging to <i>Talaromyces</i> sect. <i>Talaromyces</i> were further discovered based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons. <i>Talaromyces ginkgonis</i> sp. nov., isolated from a partially colonized fruit of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, differs from closely-related fungi in the combination of conidia ellipsoidal, smooth and 3.5−4 × 2−3 μm, no growth on CYA at 37 °C and sequence divergences; <i>T. shilinensis</i> sp. nov. is distinguished from its related allies in the combination of smooth conidia, colonies 10−11 mm diameter on CYA at 25 °C and sequence differences. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are given.