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High incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer is a serious health problem. Lung cancer screening can improve the chances of early detection and early surgical intervention of lung cancer. Currently, lung cancer screening participation rate in China is low and lung cancer screening services are underutilized. What factors influence the lung cancer screening behavior of our population is unclear. In this paper we summarize current status of research on factors influencing lung cancer screening behavior at home and abroad, and provide references to the development and implementation of lung cancer screening programs in China.