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Flexural testing provides a rapid and straightforward assessment of fiber-reinforced composites’ performance. In many high-strength composites, flexural strength is higher than compressive strength. A finite-element model was developed to better understand this improvement in load-bearing capability and to predict the flexural strength of three different carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite systems. The model is validated against publicly available experimental data and verified using theory. Different failure criteria are evaluated with respect to their ability to predict the strength of composites under flexural loading. The Tsai–Wu criterion best explains the experimental data. An expansion in compressive stress limit for all three systems was observed and is explained by the compression from the loading roller and Poisson’s effects.