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Layered cathode oxides have been attractive for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries, only that they are approaching the bottleneck of limited specific capacities based on cation redox reactions. Recently, the utilization of anion redox reaction to participate in charge compensation is an important strategy to increase the upper limit of energy density, but it faces issues such as voltage hysteresis and structure decay. In this review, we discuss the anion redox chemistry and the problems faced by such materials. Subsequently, we reviewed the recent research progress from perspectives of transition metal layer design and stacking fault design, hoping to provide a guide for the design of layered oxide cathodes.