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‘Beta’ is a hybrid of <i>Vitis riparia</i> L. and <i>V. labrusca</i> and has a strong ability to adapt to adverse growth environments and is mainly cultivated and used as a resistant rootstock. At present, the most extensively studied MYB TFs are R2R3-type, which have been found to be involved in plant growth, development, and stress response processes. In the present research, <i>VhMYB15</i>, a key transcription factor for abiotic stress tolerance, was screened by bioinformatics in ‘Beta’ rootstock, and its function under salinity and drought stresses was investigated. <i>VhMYB15</i> was highly expressed in roots and mature leave under salinity and drought stresses. Observing the phenotype and calculating the survival rate of plants, it was found that <i>VhMYB15</i>-overexpressing plants exhibited relatively less yellowing and wilting of leaves and a higher survival rate under salinity and drought stresses. Consistent with the above results, through the determination of stress-related physiological indicators and the expression analysis of stress-related genes (<i>AtSOS2</i>, <i>AtSOS3</i>, <i>AtSOS1</i>, <i>AtNHX1</i>, <i>AtSnRK2.6</i>, <i>AtNCED3</i>, <i>AtP5CS1</i>, and <i>AtCAT1</i>), it was found that transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> showed better stress tolerance and stronger adaptability under salinity and drought stresses. Based on the above data, it was preliminarily indicated that <i>VhMYB15</i> may be a key factor in salinity and drought regulation networks, enhancing the adaptability of ‘Beta’ to adverse environments.