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To investigate the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of granite under frequent disturbance loads in the process of underground engineering construction, laboratory uniaxial compression tests were conducted on granite under combined dynamic and static loading conditions. The following conclusions were reached: (1) under a dynamic disturbance, the failure stress of granite grows gradually as the initial stress and disturbance load rise due to the coupling of damage and strain-rate effect; (2) the characteristic stresses of granite specimens grow with the increasing amplitude of disturbance Δ<i>σ</i> under the disturbing loads; with the same Δ<i>σ</i>, the characteristic stresses show an increase trend with the increasing initial stress <i>σ_m</i>; (3) the particle size distribution of rock fragments broken under the disturbance load follows the fractal law, and the fractal dimension <i>F</i> gradually enlarges with the growth of Δ<i>σ</i>, indicative of an increased degree of fragmentation; and (4) the damage variable grows rapidly at first, then steadily, and, finally, shows a rapid growth trend again under the disturbance loads. The Δ<i>σ</i> significantly influences the number of cycles and rate of change of the damage variable during the steady increase. This research has certain theoretical significance and engineering guidance value for dynamic disaster recognition and control.