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The Effect of a Linear Tuning between the Antigenic Stimulations of CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells and CD4<sup>+</sup> Tregs
oleh: Aliyu A. Yusuf, Isabel P. Figueiredo, Atefeh Afsar, Nigel J. Burroughs, Alberto A. Pinto, Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2020-02-01 |
Deskripsi
We study the equilibria of an Ordinary Differencial Equation (ODE) system where CD4<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> effector or helper T cells and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present. T cells trigger an immune response in the presence of their specific antigen. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role in limiting auto-immune diseases due to their immune-suppressive ability. Here, we present explicit exact formulas that give the relationship between the concentration of T cells, the concentration of Tregs, and the antigenic stimulation of T cells, when the system is at equilibria, stable or unstable. We found a parameter region of bistability, limited by two thresholds of antigenic stimulation of T cells (hysteresis). Moreover, there are values of the slope parameter of the tuning for which an isola-center bifurcation appears, and, for some other values, there is a transcritical bifurcation. We also present time evolutions of the ODE system.