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In order to minimize the insecticide application for achieving the sustainable agricultural production and environmental protection, many biological methods were studied and applied in recent years for the integrated management of insect pests and diseases on major crop plants such as rice, orchards and vegetables in the Mekong Delta. For rice pests, there were methods in (1) integrated management of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, including the synchronous seeding for BPH avoidance, application of “Three reductions – Three gains” principle in cultivation practices, production and application of Metarhizium anisopliae products at farmers’ fields and application of ecological engineering for planting flowers on the rice fields’ bunds for attraction of natural enemies, and (2) inducing resistance to the rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) by using the biological factor (the fungus Sporothrix sp.) for seed treatment. For orchards, to the insect pests uneasy for pesticide spraying, such as the citrus rind borer (Prays sp.) and durian fruit borer (Conogethes punctiferalis), their sex pheromones were identified and synthesized for baiting the male moths or disturbing their mating behaviors in order to reduce their density and damage. For vegetables, SpltNPV virus were studied and then “socialized” for production at farmers’ fields for controlling the armyworm (Spodoptera litura), and integration of the sex pheromone and Ma products for controlling the sweet potato borer (Cylas formicarius).