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Glaucoma is a disease that affects the entire optic tract. The most significant risk factors are increased intraocular pressure and impaired regulation of ocular blood flow. Activation of the glial cells and oxidative stress in the axonal mitochondria play an important role. In the event of glaucoma damage, the risk factors are to be identified. Along with the reduction of intraocular pressure, other types of therapeutic approaches are now increasingly being discussed.