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Objective: This study was designed to examine the effects of human umbilical cord matrixstem cell (hUCMSC) administration in rats for 6 weeks after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 30) were injured with controlled corticalimpact device and divided into three groups. The treatment group (n = 10) was injectedwith 2 × 106 hUCMSC intravenously, the vehicle group (n=10) received phosphate bufferedsaline (PBS) whereas the control group (n = 10) receive nothing. All injections wereperformed one day after injury into the tail veins of the rats. All cells were labelled withBrdu before injection. Evaluation of the neurological function of the rats was performedbefore and after injury using Neurological Severity Scores (NSS). The rats were sacrificed6 weeks after TBI and brain sections were stained using Brdu immunohistochemistry.Results: Statistically significant improvement in functional outcome was observed in thetreatment group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). This benefit was visible 1 weekafter TBI and persisted for six weeks (end of trial). Histological analysis showed that hUCMSCwere present in the lesion boundary zone at 6 weeks in all cell injected animals.Conclusion: Rats injected with hUCMSC after TBI survive for at least six weeks and showfunctional improvemnt.