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A Novel 2-Methoxyestradiol Derivative: Disrupting Mitosis Inhibiting Cell Motility and Inducing Apoptosis in HeLa Cells In Vitro
oleh: Isaac Kinyua Njangiru, Noémi Bózsity-Faragó, Vivien Erzsébet Resch, Gábor Paragi, Éva Frank, György T. Balogh, István Zupkó, Renáta Minorics
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-05-01 |
Deskripsi
The clinical application of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) in cancer therapy has been limited by its low solubility and rapid metabolism. Derivatives of 2ME have been synthesised to enhance bioavailability and decrease hepatic metabolism. Compound <b>4a</b>, an analog of 2ME, has demonstrated exceptional pharmacological activity, in addition to promising pharmacokinetic profile. Our study, therefore, aimed at exploring the anticancer effects of <b>4a</b> on the cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Compound <b>4a</b> exhibited a significant and dose-dependent antimetastatic and antiinvasive impact on HeLa cells, as determined by wound-healing and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Hoechst/Propidium iodide (HOPI) double staining showcased a substantial induction of apoptosis via <b>4a</b>, with minimal necrotic effect. Flow cytometry revealed a significant G2/M phase arrest, accompanied by a noteworthy rise in the sub-G1 cell population, indicating apoptosis, 18 h post-treatment. Moreover, a cell-independent tubulin polymerisation assay illustrated compound <b>4a</b>’s ability to stabilise microtubules by promoting tubulin polymerisation. Molecular modelling experiments depicted that <b>4a</b> interacts with the colchicine-binding site, nestled between the α and β tubulin dimers. Furthermore, <b>4a</b> displayed an affinity for binding to and activating ER-α, as demonstrated by the luciferase reporter assay. These findings underscore the potential of <b>4a</b> in inhibiting HPV18+ cervical cancer proliferation and cellular motility.