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Coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death worldwide, has an underlying cause in atherosclerosis. The activity of this inflammatory process can be measured with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of vitamin D affect many mechanisms involved in CAD. In this study, we investigated the association between NLR, vitamin D concentration, and severity of CAD in a group of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). NLR was higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in comparison to those with stable CAD (median: 2.8, range: 0.96–24.3 vs. median: 2.3, range: 0.03–31.6; <i>p</i> < 0.05). No associations between NLR and severity of CAD (<i>p</i> = 0.14) in the cohort and in the subgroups with stable CAD (<i>p</i> = 0.40) and ACS (<i>p</i> = 0.34) were observed. We found no correlation between vitamin D level and NLR neither in the whole study group (<i>p</i> = 0.29) nor in subgroups of patients with stable CAD (<i>p</i> = 0.84) and ACS (<i>p</i> = 0.30). NLR could be used as prognostic biomarker of consecutive MI in patients with CAD and a history of MI.