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Suprathreshold stochastic resonance (SSR) is a distinct form of stochastic resonance, which occurs in multilevel parallel threshold arrays with no requirements on signal strength. In the generic SSR model, an optimal weighted decoding scheme shows its superiority in minimizing the mean square error (MSE). In this study, we extend the proposed optimal weighted decoding scheme to more general input characteristics by combining a Kalman filter and a least mean square (LMS) recursive algorithm, wherein the weighted coefficients can be adaptively adjusted so as to minimize the MSE without complete knowledge of input statistics. We demonstrate that the optimal weighted decoding scheme based on the Kalman–LMS recursive algorithm is able to robustly decode the outputs from the system in which SSR is observed, even for complex situations where the signal and noise vary over time.